3465/4: 
6u_ 36 


Bulletin No. 36 April 27, 1922. 


M. M. LEIGHTON 
COMMON EALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA 


DEPARTMENT OF INTERVAL APFAIRS 
Janos HH, Woodward, \Scoretary 


——— 


BUREAU OF TOPOGRAPHIC AND. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY 
George H. Ashley, State Geologist 


a eee 


Fe 


COAL BEDS IN INDIANA COUNTY, PEMISYLVANIA 
Ja Ds Sisler. 


Introduction, 


Indiana County for mmy years has been one of the most important 
bituminous coal producing countics in Pennsylvania. The greater part 
of the coal is mined from the Upper Freeport bed, which is the 
largest reserve of valuable ant casily accessible coal in the county, 
The Lower Kittanning, Lower “Freeport, and the Pittsburgh beds are 
important locally as sources of shipping coal. Many other beds have 
future value, but are not mined at present, 


The thick coal beds of the Allegheny formation, including the 
Kittannings and Preeports, are large reserves for future use, 
Practically all mining as yet is by drifts, although there are 
extensive areas where these beds are within easy shafting distance. 

The Pittsburrh bed; restricted to a small area in the southwestern 
part of the county, will be exhausted within 2 few years. 


In 19186 Indiana County stood sixth in Pennsylvania as 2 ditu- 
minous coal producer. In tmt year, 12,745,190 tons were produced, 
valued at $37,576,089. Of this emount, 12,209,067 tons, valued at 
$56,153,156 were londed at the mines for Shipment; -110,848 tons were 
sold to local trade and used by employees; and 189;056 tons were 
used‘at the mines for steam ana heat; 254,219 tons, valued at 
$646,828 were made into coke at the mines. 


Indian2 County is bounded on the north’ by Jefferson County, on 
the cast by Clearficla and Cambrian counties) on the south by 
Westmoreland County, and on the west by Armstrong County. Its 
greatest width from north tc south is 37,5 miles, and from cast to 


west 28,5 miles, Its area is 847,2 square miles, The population in 
1920 was 80,910, 















4 4 
a Li ty \" 
ya’. a te 
t ‘ i “ye 
‘ 
é \ a4 
¢ o-'4 t 
te ; 
' 
’ 
3 of a 
} Ld Ai Gaek a, 
yr \ rn : ah 
‘ ‘ vf H W + 
" if ‘i 
1 : aw . oye 
i} i] ah wh 
~ ‘ 
4 ' . 1 
~ 
\ : 
r " ' 
+, . \ 
j { 
\ ‘ 
, 
‘ont 
4 
‘i 
‘ 
‘ md ‘ 
' 
ik i P ‘ 
} r 
‘ ' vt ’ w 
{ 
- u 
f 
y 
Kk i 
\ 
, " mA 
} al | 
° 
i 
4 A 
N 
‘ 4 ) 
" \ - ; 
\ f { 
4 p + 
’ \ ® 
' ry } 
’ i 1 
t i 
\ 
1 \, i 
- . t 
’ | ' 
\f A L 
{ , 
j 
Aye 
- 1 ¥t Lf 4 
4 » We 
: tay 
K 
‘ 
\ { 
‘ 
' 
og 
' 
ba 
‘ 
' ¢ 
‘ 
’ 
y 
F , 
4 A 
. Te 
i ‘ 
. ca he 
ee 
t 
Ce } 
4 
aa | ; i \* 
¢* ae 
} ‘ ro sf 
, Flys 
¢ — wm - >, 
“Te a Vie, 4 





Transportation facilities are ample. The Pennsylvania Railroad 
follows Conemaugh River along the entire southern boundary of the 
county. <A branch line runs north from Blairsville to Indiana and 
east from Black Lick into Cambria County. The New York Central and: 
Pennsylvania Railroads serve the numerous mines between Cherry Tree, 
Clymer, and Heilwood, and also the Glen Campbell field in the 
northeastern part of the county. The Buffalo, Rochester and Pitts- 
burgh Railroad enters the county at Blaisdell-Junction, serves the 
Rossiter field, ‘runs southwest through-Juneau, Savan, Marion Center, 
Home, Creekside, Shelocta and Parkwood, and terminates at Iselin. if 
branch line serves the Jacksonville and Kent area; and another runs 
south from Creekside, through Indiana to Black Lick, This railroad 
uses the Pennsylvania tracks on Black Lick Cree! between Blacl Lick 
and Vintondale. The main line of the Buffalo, Rochester and Pitts-~ 
burgh Railroad crosses the northwestern part of the county aiong 
Mahoning Creel, The New Yori: Central has a branch line to Rossiter. 
The Buffalo and Susquehanna Railrond runs soutnwest from Juneau, and 
terminetes at Sagamore. 


Indiana County has many miles of 700d roads, most of which are 
dirt. They are used extensively for transportation of coal for local 
use. During times of excessive prices they are also used for haul- 
ing coal to sidirigs. 


Chestnut Ridge is the most pronounced topographic feature of 
Indiana County, It is a narrow highland belt, the distance from 
valley to valley on either side being only about five miles. The 
ridge is less prominent than farther south; its dissected crest is 
composed of knobs ranging from 1700 to 1900 feet in elevation. fest 
or Chestnut Ridge the topography is less rugged, or gently undulat- 
ing, and is marked by low, rounded hills. The county is in the 
Appalachian plateau, The greater vart of this uplernd region is 
Gharacterized by softly rounded outlines and zentie slopes, The 
level areas are few and small. 


STRUCTURE. 


There are fifteen structure features in the county, each having 
a general northeast-~southwest trend. The Chestnut Ridge anticline 
is the most pronounced of these. lfost of the others are minor. 


The steep western slope of Laurel Hill anticline, which brings 
the Catskill formation to outcrop, crosses the extreme southexsvern 
tip of the county. 


Barnesboro syncline, lying northwest-of Loxrel Hill anticline, 
crosses Conemaugh River near New Florence, passes through Wehrum, 
and leaves the county one~half mile south of Nipon, Cambria County. 
It is a broad shallow basin, with the rocks rising gently northwest 
to the Nolo anticline, 


Nolo anticline enters Indiana County near New Florence, extends 
northeast near Croft, Strongstowm and Pineton, and leaves the county 
two miles west of Barnesboro, Cambria County Tt is a rather sharp 
fold, having local dips of five degrees. The dips are greater on 
the western Slope. The axis rises gently to Pineton, and runs 


hg 


a] AS Le a 
Me, Geta anne | 
\ | 
¥ tN 
hey 
1 
% 
wey ‘ 
is : 
’ ? 
f 
i 
‘ 
a. 4 
4 
\ 
; ‘ 
* 
; 
‘ 
. 
' 
‘ 
j : 
is 
‘ 
Hy ‘ v 
4 
at 
’ 
‘ 
‘ vd d 
vi 2 
t 
f 
, a 
y 
” f 


% ‘ ma ' 

dei, fy * 

Rid © ive Aid) ae 

De Wk " rg 

Vy aaa Le . 
/ ‘ as \ 
ea 5 
wy | 
‘ : ‘ 
re ” ” Md 
a P bine’ 5, 
. 4 
' , -~ i\a 
aah y 
P ieee ; 
, } 

’ } 

ly 

* 

+ ‘ f i. 
4 : a 
7 ‘ : +7 
i j ; 
<! 
® 
‘ 1 , 
ee | 
a) 
1 
‘ hi 1 
¥ ’ 
i> 
, ,} 41 at we 
wed ll 
» ry P 
7 4 + ‘ 
‘ j oh ey 
Kee 
i a ride a } 
im Pe 
’ 
. 4 
4 i> é 
my 
\ 
‘ A 
: 
} 
. F 4 . 
\ 
’ x" y 1 
‘ 
Ferd 
> J) q Pi 
' h 4 
od f ie mi 
= y j 
Ni ; 
< tT 
: 
“ef 
| } 
J % 
‘ 
) i \ 

f “ ty 
1x3 Me ae ( 
way : 

‘ 
° 4) H 
7] 

' i “yi 7, Py 
? ‘ t 

f 1 ye By Saal 

t 

q t "¥ A 
is ) Shy ' ; 

J 44 : 

* A Fi 

‘ 

7 
‘ 
’ 
s 
‘ 
‘ 
' 
] ' 
‘ * 
i ' 
4 ae, 
4 
§ 
, ’ 

b on 

nu) iy ' 

sels he Aa 


~ aay i ‘ 
yaa i + ”" hire a othe my! Ye, 
‘ 4, Li a > hes ape a wh aie 
{ 
“ “~~ be TP : 
4 ‘ I 
\ ( 
: e 
; * r 
} é ve SA, y > 
i bw phe ir ony 
1S i 
\ 
i fe ~ 4 
ie 
‘ , 4 
iy F 
CF ut 
’ sy Ws > 
i 
¥ r 
‘ 29 ire ‘s 
eo La ' 
Se ‘ 
bY vm “4 t 
4 y 
“A 
° I te 
, : 
¢ 
4 iad Tr ya fae. * 
‘ ; vas Pa Oe ae | 
od j 
i} . y 2 4 Va 
‘ ; io ae oh 
j iy 
9 
wh 
" 
bis . 
ven hg 
a Ari tanya 
a nity dient Aik: ida ebndd 
4 A 7 
4 i, ae 
t I ar)? 4 
) *u : pia 
y ’ pias DSItAD 
» 
. tj : 
ri a ‘ ‘ be Pale 
rat wt Al ‘ cay ds litloar ek '® “ t. Fo 
{ ae ra n At tllpin jek We RRA rs a 
, wei oateal ba) hey i Was 's te a ay fie by ‘yee we ay 
Lire ' 59 } 
ros 1 } aie 
+ Rb ed A al ee Be yt a ate a CAL ae ay 
mi Oe bod sie Re CR ae ene ae ae 
Meena 
y 
| a a ‘hl Wer fie r : 
ag D 1 ae a dike oat ; 
v.10 f yratee 
r, ’ Br. Hg pai pu ‘ Nid ahig } | 
y Os ' be wr 





hy : vacpaeen et a 
Sena so wy 


4 Thy. Pape, A wit 
yA A GAR nd £5: Hehe . a. Lee 









































MASI 


nearly level from that point to the eastern edge of the county. 


Brush Valley syncline, the next structure to the northwest, hes 
its southern end in Indiana County, between Nole and Shestnut Ridge 
anticlines. It extends northeast near Brush Valley and Cookport, 
leaving the county about two miles north of Cherry Tree, It is a 
proad fold, with rather steep dips on both flarks. The axis 1s 
extremely irregular in elevation. | 


Chestnut Ridge anticline, the largest fold in the county, cross-~- 
es Conemaugh River about 2 miles west of Bolivar, and extends north- 
east near Penn Run (Greenville), Utah (Taylorville), and Hortens, 
leaving the county near the northcast corner, The west slope of the 
anticline is gencrally steepest; the fold is highest between Black 
Lick Creek and Conemaugh River, The northern part of the fold in 
Indiana County is broad and flat, and the axis is extremely variable 
in elevation, 


Latrobe syncline enters the county at Blairsville, extends north- 
east near Homer City, and flattens out at Indiana, It is a well 
marked structure, with the rocks rising rapidly on the eastern flank, 
and gently on the western. The axis is very regular in elevation. 


Dixonville syneline is a minor structure lying between Chestnut 
Ridge anticline and Richmond anticline near Dixonville. The basin 
ri narrow and flat. The greatest rise of the rocks is on the eastern 
lank. 


Richmond anticline is a short structure lying near Kintersburg 
and Rayne. The dips on both flenks are gentle, The axis rises 
sharply to the north, 


Jacksonville anticline crosses the Conemaugh near Saltsburg, and 
extends northeest to Curry Run where it flattens out. It is a well 
eam structure with a broad flat top, and gentle dips on both 
flanks, 


MickKee Run anticline is a low gentle fold lying between Indiana 
and Creekside. This anticline is important because of the occurrence 
of gas along its northwest flank in the vicinity of Creekside. 


Elders Ridge syncline enters the county at Edri, extends north- 
east near Elders Ridge, West Lebanon and Chambersville, and flattens 
out in the northern pert of the county. It is a canoe shaped basin, 
shallow at both ends but deepening toward the middle at Iselin. The 
Slopes on both flmks are rather steep but remarkebly uniform. 


Dutch Run anticline is a minor fold of small extent, lying just 
west of Willett. 


Punxsutewney syncline, Perrysville end Rocring Run anticlines lie 
in the northwestern corner of the county, but their exact locetions 
have not been determined by the Geological Survey, They are minor 
structures. 


- 6 = 


«| bis 


o 
f 
te: 
a 


































' 
“ 
ph Os 
~ 
1 
j , 
P uy F 
le. ake ead ined i , 
eae ee % ao Bs lady \ ree 
AON Pe m 
e bhi : wreak r : 
aN uk aS +4 Nie ee 
. Q P ” FP Rall 
y ¥ y Eh ro he aid dort 
" : ve 
: . 
” veh ae; \ 
« » y 
‘ Re 
ie | 2 rh, 
. bh lng’ Be ” ee 
t ; hu ge | A gm ‘ 
‘ s ‘és - i 
' i ‘ b Bo Se 
f { £ .. 
ft 
i i 
ork f mt eS MY 1" ' 
“A ‘i eyes : ete 
1 ity yy 7s 1 A 
Me wo; Mae), & tb 
Wis 
ty 
' ; o 
\* 
‘ €0y e 
‘ re] - 0 * 
‘hy 4 ek By ; 
; ok i 
\ +A 
‘ ms 
‘ : 
yen i 7 Fi f ip 
hi 4 vu a ay , i ay 
7 4 “ eget MG ‘ bh Wav) nice Ah, 
4 ;\ } ES 
ay Ams 
ie ee 
ae | 
3 ' 
F 
t F A : 
ie , ii 
pti 
Lied <a Pa j 
v) te te ee ) 
¢ M fr] 
’ i) j 
Vs R 
J 3 ‘ 
0 y f°. ‘ 
i Ae i ‘ othe 
ae eee |} Ms 
/ ee r 
* folN ry 2 Pade i 
: ( 
is ve 5 
¥ ‘ au hy ee 
‘ s re 
“a ‘ ‘ 5 a i 
Ww } 
, i P 
) y 
AT 
” ; 
A” f 
, , lt ven 
x 
be 
7 it 
» * » et 
o wee 
mickey ini Pe Os b Hi touye ah 
‘ { ‘ - Aiaw . 
’ f . Fat * K Wf’ ’ a ery are 4c eh 
P ee peep abe verre iat py vs ¥ fort} 
ere a te | | t ane ule 
J + 
a how vF | 
ve 
t ' ‘cs Re hae fe 
‘on 1 
i 
. 
iL 's 2S 
4 
af bhai 
’ f ’ 
é 
MAY, ) 





STRATIGRAPHY. 


The outcropping rocks of Indiana County belong to the Quaternary 
and Carboniferous systems. The Quaternary system is represented by 
river deposits of recent age; the Carboniferous by the Monongohele, 
Conemaugh, Allegheny, Pottsville, Mauch Chunk and Pocono formations. 


The flood plains of the streams are deposits of alluvium -— 
gravel, sond and silt - particles of disintegrated rock which have 
been washed down from the hillsides and deposited in their present 
positions in times of high water. 


The Monongahela fomation is present only in the highlands on 
the southwestern border of the county. ‘The upper pert has been 
eroded, leaving about 220 feet of rocks intact above the Pittsburgh 
coal, consisting chiefly of sandstone and calcareous shale, but 
including two limestones and two workable coal beds, 


The Conemaugh formation is about 650 feet thick, and consists of 
shales of various colors, interstratified with beds of coarse sand- 


stone, a few thin limestones, and several coal beds, some of which 
have considerable cconomic importance, 


The Allegheny formation is about 295 feet thick and is composed 
of massive sandstone and several beds of limestone and fireclay. It 
contains many coal beds, four of which are locelly valuable, This 
formation underlies practically all the county, 


The Pottsville formation is sbout 100 feet thick, and is com- 


posed of two beds of sandstone, separated by shale which in some 


ata aa One or more unimportant coel beds. Its outcrop is 
imited, 


au aoe Mauch Chunk formation is composed entirely of shale with 
n 


enses of sandstone interbedded in it, Its outcrop is limited 
to a few valleys where streams have cut across anticlines. 


The Pocono formation is composed of greyish-green sandy shale 
and sendstones, with several bands of red shale, and has a thickness 
of about 1050 feet, It is not coal bearing, 


» €@ = 





avers ' Att i a ft eta ipa ay tia i) : / Ye & on : ‘ Aue ec W 
ie! ’ } > bre Pe ge Aaa : BA Pe } ‘| wy ae ie ‘ : : : A 
ri hi ‘ ‘ Ks te Phe ; cane 4 \y CMT ‘ \ he i>, . yh er , +4 

h Na th rent wale. if ‘ aN eee ’ on ; 5 inh Kw: i at yA, q; Teds a 
qo ry Cpe Ri if Y i vt if ; abe m d \ § 



































































































nb ae : eT oe rigoete Div o Ne 
7 A Ab Telos ‘ hs +3 Viel alba . 4 une t pe BCH! a Aina it 
0 ab ad ah tthe . vyiitat osha a } 
PRGA RR SE a Nee ba St A OH | 
{ 4 K Wy ie H My aie 
RET AR me ‘ eee 
Wy en 
art Kt One Ne Titik Sok 
4 , vie 7 : api ; : 
rr Bay ae Ae sry ie \ ste ee Ld eke ehw Pe ae , ‘ 
See Waele Rion Ge is 5 Fr Baie ne ie a net +0) Y! a 
we ‘ warn Bac Nike Mae nk ee 4 
eat Ses Ra RNa C9 4 ae oY rv ie he % & a a ba 
ity aaah no hd too wy iy 44 Wi ous 4 Yi AY 
meay Miele a Crate CEs y" se aa * Seen gs ae ot 
‘ ‘ Ges eX 
ee 
i} AAtLY } 
iy ' ¢ ( ' Vy Ay 
RES Rumen est! IS ih ye Me See aL Bo Cae 8 
i " 
\ \ - bs mn WE + 
(han 4 bh athe eiing Pah nhs bab gtnt ac tie! ee, ee | ste Ate 1) 
As Ma Sag tas 7 ’ JWG y » ti A a ‘tae 2 4 oe eh ui af 
; { “ 
‘ rao) PP ee Kgiierery oy ee eee 4 ORT 
‘ vor Far Pa BO ¢; Walaa yom eh s 0 an aay j Vi \ Rina i ed : 
> * ' 4 
a sd ree Nie ent ak Ne ea piee Ch ae We) tee, Tht hs ieee hee ion hi stitial 
a ewe Ly ap ee hal Wyeth af 
Gey SikY I) WRIA Ca Es Aum WN Tek AN a 4 dah iy cH vichan eat A one 
¢ ; cs Wt i ! ‘ a 
tA tee 
‘ : wa) ; i af £ e: BAP 
” : ( ‘ 12 tas Ny 
ees eH AM Gano ATCO oath plese 
BM fo aR OF 3 AN: AMEE ED ak Skt Ea ea aS cae Ce i a iil ted Si 
oa say alt i tary: ‘ ie de peglaigia 7 yet ¢ - a4 ei: 
ae P * ean pi YY ‘i TARE tee eee Me Mia wed ¥ oy rt CA oe mare 1 ¥ yi 
a ays | ees Re vege aN A, Ry ayer ye) aft OR 2 
ce Pinte hone) sat AIR aa ha a 
‘ ys x bp fae ee a ve 
. ‘ ‘ ‘ 4 he EY 46 ty ‘ a ij a re " 8 reaianes Wi wy ‘ 
es ; Ys NN ND ke Wig Viens ie r wee, 
: ‘ 1 bepeay : : vey Nie ts rt % “a A AVY ee ¥3 ke at ; “3 i, 5 ht MN raisime v oy 1 bey 
YA (iam a rh) inl a fay - , ‘ , 
A 7 C } Au » Age’ Wee a 
, Dita i : A Ky dit Ny 3 Whig) a \ $A fry aye 40 WO: vf ye ry ith nes Nees le’ ; 
“ ; Pi vines 5 Ay hal PCy y ‘ r¥! he ear , ' 
i v7 j i u ’ aN hi U : Nina | : “ lg Py ) Hi Wi! oF ae Te ye 
4 wee r a RSE ik { j SRF ay ty ARE hy 2! iy dh Wh Pon if 48 eee ey 
} ’ i VP et ‘ fined ih ’ KG Pre 
} " Ms ) wr be yt) i Pik gr i 
‘ dee St AVM Wa a EN as OOS a : hk bE ye ro aM: 
. * 7 ay Me : Nad Pa ad 1 > ‘ | 
A my rei 
tee roo er ied 
- “ener 7 i ant fi F et) Se ( 4} & ix en ' a a\ Lhe 1108 ya é on 
* é re “ Es tee . | ' bik sate 
} 4 ‘yap See oy Wah! (N yaa geet ent) aad a td 
1 x : yy Lipa "yi a aL ON MRT eicdh ah ae nes 
j i ; \ F ar oe rea ae wae i ya a if = 45 * ang ©) 
PE Oe eRe ones Fee STOLE TR EMM Ato (re Meare tte Ae fh 2, on ae a i aR 
| ' au ‘ i i > ‘ i 
ens alts é if i Me The 7 o wh i ' 
Jicsse ip tye) cil ella agen ieee cae Ch aan bt i) 
fy r abhieds J we Tee hei UR ee Vet eat ie Aha) : pate , Ae u uit Hi nex ha" i iia iM 
: ry Ne ‘ , ‘ " a jl F ie ali s ne eet Gr fae cee ae Beare *e oe 1 *s 4 hye ie ‘ 
fe ars pie z, Nat Gor, Higa Ay in iy ; fi Saar | bein SR 2) me j xt i \ , aa i 
4 4 2 or) AY 4 he ye Pa ta, i" f - 
¥ Aas J ? i 4 1) ] “tg 5 if, Hy ia s ny tad yi ¥{ yy ‘ ad a " 4 ne i i] in ee Hi, Mi ig ’ pt Me i wie 
4 j \ ned, 42 i] i 7 
: 
hohe! pcmcia is Rinnai We io 
, ieee GO ary ne Or Bers Oy 0), i* by Hh eee ye 
. rae Pa Pe aah i i Tats, ft pe ' A tin wie We! Ye 4 : iv 
By is i Bhi OLAS) tae Ao i ‘bid iat Ae i Hie} , p mat Rh * Na st et 
; ARR aa iy \ pene i et tm } 
4 “ Nal f pres oh tf ; b = ier oP ie ‘0 Ly Cy tah 
( 
¥) 
‘ 
at 
4 
4] ; 
: . 
; F 
‘ 
4 4 4 i 
’ 
~ ? y ? 
{ ' f 
i i’ 7 - ney 
4 | ; iS r yy ent 
’ idee { ia 
\J , { 


COAL BEDS. 
The following table shows the stratigraphic relation of the beds 
and their range in thickness... 


Coal Beds in Indiana Covnty. 


I oes saan aoa 





Renge in 








Average thickness 
Neme of bed intervel of coal beds 
(Sewickley MAGS SY, al Geaidsea a REA eC ARIE StGncCAle{ Eh a al NOUN oy Oh 
; ( 80 
ET SR VR PO YU sae kal Ce cad oe ee la ks wc em 6" = Zton 
( 45 
SSCA Sack: Tat indo « Ui a ae mp2 pS Gali aed PA a LF AN BD 1 
( 400-425 
tT a i © rr Oke 
70-100 
Ey OTS SET ie SUDA SRE Ti etry ep yin ter 
650 ( 40-60 
(Coal EN Sige A VR IRON ON eek [oy Bh Nahe Ok goalie Pid alll Cpl ae A/a a On waeeOu 
( 50-75 
(Upper Freeport ("EN) 214 Uy COD vat nS NA ae Ee AN a 
( 25-80 
TEE Sa aaah ae] 0d A LELT Ly BO a ea oN a Behan 
( 40-80 
| Upper cde Mr oy set arya GERI AN Sa 10 Se apy cat a Sa Oe 6" . 5ro" 
BOmEC 
Aitegheny (Middle Kittanning ("0") -~--..-- --0O - 20" 
B95 ( 350 
LORS) Waa dees abel Male VA) eg aim ce a QO = 510" 
( } 50-85 
(Clarion ("A Py aia ietttonene Theres grt ein NEG AY CLP EIS eM 6 L: 
( 20-55 
FSD ay ofe teas gett Weta ULE A ce call 9 ape ne ge a a Q = 419" 


The coals in the Mercer grovp in the Pottsville are not mineable 
in Indiana County. On Black Liek Creek, a coal in the Pottsville for- 
mation is locally 14 inches thick, but appears to be very lenticular. 


Coal Beds in Allegheny Formation, 


| Brookville ("A") coal. This bed, lying 2 few fest above the 
Pottsville sandstone, is generally very impure, high in sulphur, and 
veries greatly in thickness, At 01d Conemaugh Furnece it is 4 fect 
thick, and at Bolivar, ten miles down the Conemaugh only 18 inches. 
Qn Black Lick Creek at Heshbon end Bells Mills it is between 3 and 4 
fect thick, and hes been used for steaming purposes and for burning 


et at ES cele 











. |) oe mre. © 
= * 
“ ~ 
‘ 
“uy * ar ” 
iu an 
¥ ° 
: 
. 
le 
“6 
t 
‘ 
\ 
7 
fi 
$ 
% 4 
1 j , 
n ' 
i 
f 
ei 
‘ 
‘ 
Ay xs 
Ps * 
" 
hy sf 
f ; i , 
‘ 4 
hy 5 
Kis vag 
a ae 


als 
. | 
WA W ee os 
y 
5 
i . 
Py 6 ove 
ek 
~- ay how 
+ 
; 
m “ 
4 ’ 
” ¥ 
/ 
" i 
wy ay be 
7 uly re 
‘ 
} i ee 
he we s/ 
7” { ¢ i - 
' 
J 
} 1 
0 oe ik Sey i: emaanue i 
fee ah ii APE TaN a oe AE uh 
- it he 
eM le 
’ { ¥ ry hi # 
f { \ 
. . ; ‘ , 
if + >a - 2 ea bt fe ted a is | F 
4 4 4 et SEAR es ae wa 
ee: 


cas, oa as pe Manes 
ihe Biol iss 


Hy 2) cp oy aig mo. 
, aa NRRL oper’ nein iy Jet wnrqite aoees ower dent & 


uy 



















- ‘ 
gotant Ba & nde ret 4a 
ies os i Hf 


i 
“@ 


hd 
— 


TS od piv iattine ee, 






; ie n 
L} Jeans 





brick. It is extremely high in ash and sulphur. In Pine township 
it renges from 2 feet 2 inches to 3 feet 10 inches thick. 


Clarion ("A‘") coal. This coal, lying 20 to 55 feet above the 
Brookville, is thin, but very persistent in the county. It averages 
6 inches thick. 


bed is about 100 feet above 
Low the Upper Preeport coal. 
It is below drainage practically everywhers in the county, and few 
Openings have been made in it. The bed does not average more than 2 
feet in the entire county, although in local areas it has a maximum 

- thickness of 5 feet, It generally hes 3 to 4 inches of bony coal at 
the top. Its floor is fireclay and is persistently rolly. The shaie 
roof is always regular, There ere no persistent purtings or binders, 
although locally there is a thick clay parting near the center of the 
bed. Local lenses of pyrite are coumon. 


The Lower Kittanning is important on Conemaugh River and on 
Black Lick Creek, It averages 2 feet 10 inches thick at Boltz, and 
locally thickens to 3 feet 2 inchos, and has 5 inches of bone on top. 
It is 3 feet 2 inches thick in Robindale shaft, where it is mined for 
use in the West Penn power plant; 4 inches of top coal are locally 
bony. The bead is 5 feet 3 inches thick at Lockport, including a 3 
inch parting of bone and shale 18 inches from the bottom, and 6 inches 
Of bone coal at the top. It is very high in sulphur, mede so by 
numerous lenses of pyrite. The Lower Kittanning coal is mined exten- 
Sively at. Robinson (Bolivar), where it varies from 3 feet é inches to 
5 foet thick. It carries « few inches of bone coal on top. A local 
binder from 1 tc 6 inches thick is sometimes present 18 inches above 
the bottom, The coal is locelly very clean, but tends to be rathex 
high in sulphur. The Lower Kittanning coal is mined extensively on 
“Black Lick Creek east of Josephine, where it is 3 feet 4 inches 
thick, and has 4 inches of bone coal on the top. The coal ranges 
from 2 feet 4 inches to 4 fest thick at Heshbon. The bottom is very 
rolly, end there is 2 inches of bone coei at the top of the bed. The 
bed is 3 feet 10 inches thick at Scott Glenn, but contains many lenses 
er pyrite, 


The Lower Kittaming is deeply buricd in most of the southwestern 
part of the county, It outcrops ct a few points on Crooked Creek 
where it averages 2 feet 6 inches thick, but it is extremely high in 
sulphur. The coal is 3 feet 6 inches thick where mined in Center 
township, ond has 3 to 4 inches of bone cool on the top. It is 
locally 3 feet 10 inches thick in Armstrong township. There are many 
old openings in this bed southeast of Indiana, where the coal is used 
for domestic purposes. On Furriers Run the coal is 3 feet thick; on 
Yellow Creek, 3 feet 6 inches, One mile above Ramsey Run on Two Lick 
Creek the bed is 6 fect 2 inches thick, includiug a 16 inch shele 
parting 14 inchos from the bottom. Just above Allen Run on Two Lick 
Creek the bed is 7 feet 2 inches thick, including a 12 inch shale 
parting 2 feet 6 inches from the bottom. There are several openings 
in the Lower Kittanning coal on Penn Run and its tributaries. At 
Greenville it is 3 feet 10 inches thick; at Atherson's on the North 
Fork of Penn Run, 13 miles due north of Greenville, the coal. ranges 


- 6 - ¢ 








7. 4 " . 
: Te 
ca r 
‘ly 
S ‘ 
, 
‘ 
v 7 
” 
© Ans peo ‘ 
is Ff 4 & OL Pai . 
' 
1 


ps : bi a eh 








Pit: 


“* Veet, al ] R egal t eeet s: » ae ees p Le heey! ‘ Se tals 
ny : pas ae ee DAS Wi Aaa Seg hh ne et by Ween! we 










. 
' f Pig 
‘ { 
\ 
) -_ 
4 , Ws 4 
: , } ' A ; 
ie rd cme Mi ; Ae 
; ‘ i . 
) me Th ¢ 
y 4 he 4 
- ty t ' ’ } F, 
, GN ope os dal fs a ere 
2H ak 
” hy 4 *... 
thy 
¥ N . Aa Py 
\ 4 ae Oe 
a : See +4 f a Wir & 
; Piven, wy st he eh (a ema. By ; ng Ma) ‘ i! Rit 
4 , 1 . i ' my 
's ‘ ho b ‘5 } ew ity. F i ae 
# ’ } Sn be oat Prong? iy i Fe ah es #4 I Me! 
4 t 4 { ; . ere 7 44 oh 
j a ae Je ae ak ‘ ata A ue {Hy 
; “ON Ore Be Fy seey LE, rea " tent ie Be mi 
. a, im _ _ n 
. y ot eA y ay Abie k 4 ye i\ i 4 A gd ae a Wie . - ie 
ek t } t i ( 1 as ni . i La ee Bia oe r ee rf , 
* j 
' Mm rt 
: 
j 
. ‘ 
; & 
b ns 
i " ' 
’ j . 1 
> te 
1, ¥ 
. \ ‘ ‘ 
' 7 $ 
. } ¢ 
’ ' 
; ii 
i . 
. $ 
. 
| it 
j : 
é " Pan 
i ry i ’ , 
a S| Noe , 
} eS aan Abie 
; ee : 
» ‘ ; ia + ty 
i be 
; ’ \ Fe. i 
- j ‘ ae | 
oh 
y . Lier is 
~ ¢ ¥ ti 
f ' f 
/ 
“ iy 
is le ‘ 
" , v / t 
y i i Sele Hae yh Be 
iy SS ir 
4 AF ‘ 1 ware held ‘grt Bhef ily 
, ) yf 7 ai tf a ut 
< , Pi ‘ i 4 (a ets x Sehr ieee 
: 1 ; ia \ } Gd ate ' 
in i f ; ‘ 
, dhe . 
i F [ i ® fe 
r 
i "% yy : 
| APs hee ae on fe Wow 
: 
‘ ; ’ 
‘ Coste : ey 
‘ i hon 4 yd y M 
. a ene ye Ye / 
: Dy ae G nae hi Ae 
OD ts 
i r 4 d 
* 
7% 
’ 
¥ 
‘ ; 
f : 
. 
7 
; 
fee" i 
ee h 
} 4 ¥t 
; 
ay * 4 ‘ 
a Ned ’ ib hed 
J 
3 
. 
ay 
a " 
P 
ir Z 
: { 
‘ Ss i 


from 3 feet 10 inches to 4 feet 3 inches thick, The coal is mined 
extensively at Clymer, where it avereges 5 feet 3 inches thick, not 
including 2a few inches of bone coel at the top. Drilling in the 
eastern part of the county, where the Lower Kittanning coal is deep 
under cover, indicates thet it is locally thin, but mMineable in lerge 


“reas. 


The Lower Kittanning coal is exposed in the northeastern part of 
the county only in the Glen Campbell region, but is not an important 
bed at present. It is 3 feet 4 inches thick at Hillsdale; @ feet 10 
inches thick near Arcadian, It varies from 2 feet 8 inches to 4 feet 
2 inches thick at Glen Campbell. Locally it hos a $ inch bone part- 
ing near the bottom, end also locally o few inches of bone coal at 
the bottom. At Juneau the coal is 19 inches thick and clean; at 
Enterprise, 12 inches thick; at Richmond, 3 feet 8 inches thick, 
including a 14 inch shale parting near the middle of the bed, ‘The 
coal renges from 18 inches to 3 feet thick near the headwaters of 


Mehoning Creck, and is clean but for numerous “knife blades" of 
pyrite. 


The Lower Kittanning is deep under cover in most of the north- 
western.part of the county. Drill hole records indicate that it is 
locally 4 feet thick, although the average is less than 3 feet. The 
bed hes a persistent bony top, and carries large amounts of pyrite. 


Middle Kittanning ("C") coal. This bed, lying 35 to 70 feet 
above the Lower Kittanning coal, is thin end unimportant in the 
county, but has been opened for house coal in a few pleces,. Its 
maximum thickness is 2 feet, and its average is about 6 inches. It 
measures 18 inches on Black Lick Creek; 16 inches on Two Lick Creek; 
and locally 2 fect thick on Mchoning Creek. 


sates Kittanning ("C") coal, This bed, lying about 100 feet 
above the Lower Kittanning coal, ig thin and unimportent in this 
county. There are places near Deckers wheres it is 5 feet thick and 
in some spots it is overlain by 4 feet of cannel cosl. South of 
Richmond a 5 foot bed of clean coal is probably at the horizon of the 
Upper Kittanning. It is locally 4 feet thick on Black Lick Creek. 


It is extremely variable in thickness and is very bony end high in 
sulphur. 


Lower Freeport ("D", ees coal, The Lower Freeport lies 
from 40 to 80 feet above the Upper Kittanning coal in Indiana County. 
The coal ranges from 12 inches to 16 feet thick, and varics from a 
clean coal of excellent quality to a coal high in sulphur and ash. 


The Lower Freeport is thin and irregular in all the townships 
south of Indiana, averaging less than 2 feet thick; furthermore it is 
high in sulphur, In local areas betweon Black Lick and Homer City tae 
bed is 3 feet thick, including a two inch bone parting 4 inches from 
the bottom, On Neal Run, near Jacksonville, the maximum thickness of 
the coal is 5 feat 2 inches, On the divide between Dixon and Buck 
Runs, one mile north of Two Lick Creek, the coal is 4 fect 4 inches 
thick, South of Dixonville it ranges from 3 feet 6 inches to 4 fect, 
one-half mile north of Dixonville it is 4 feet 3 inches thick. The 


= Fe 

























































































































: } bay , rey ‘ +7 A 1 ‘d 
. : * 4 : ra "a Peeks 
: " | R Brg ued We) Wel Chi 
ac MWe | 
‘ A's 4 ven : ; mit a 
{ ‘ : more Pa hale 
\ r A ’ CRG of i iis 
4 : i ¥ 
q / fit 
RIDA A Vee oh 8 Pat ORGS ae st \ Sy é sgh 
; OES: BEST ay ORT , 
. * t | ‘ ’ 
Mnf MEER i sk ee oy: 
Goh we aes ameter tem ant 
he ae $28 Oe mie 
i'n heat DUR OR de aly Odes mate 
Cy a : 
i : ' i iia a i rey " is . 
y ae Te) | y aly ree tod eg 3a tie Be ek ee gar’ ve ‘ 
Me) ELS Dos A 
‘ oo wi) wi AS +e nl 
} Gg Lies bey ‘ ae ee od hae ee uh . ty aed ri phates 
bis ak acy at ly ONL Be PEE Ry Woe 
Va AMS ay) Gor? ant ie St he Bon Be ae a 
ime \ mira bt a yee nes :} ee ee! 
‘ WON Fe Md ya if { a ue , re te rf eects ‘a Ww ri Sim 4 aa 
, ‘ s A ty : A 4 ’ ah te 
*Y Wes ae pee CrP, i as i ame 
P i” i i, Sa i mt % 
Om 4 £95 OR rae Bae ee ORR sot baa Gn, ree ne 
. i ae d i ‘ ThA +P as [ 4} a 
ii ; ; p mt aS x jake penal! Ae * | Bal 
4 Aas RAG RRO A) APS es a 1M etal SRR hata 
" . es i ae cS } 1: AS '‘ PPR Ty ze “t . ob & } 
y Hage Ge BS Riad Banks Seam a had S 2 Ty Re 
‘ ‘ } vs py - x A] a " : u 
64 hOGA OA: CINE a eee oe af eels: oxy 
; i . * a o ee | Walk | alter . i tb, 9 3 > “ 
Yk” TOUT RAG NR th. PAS APR TEL YA a we ik BGS bei A 
\ ; ~ rt ‘ 
- 
+ Arey ig i of * uF ‘ . 
iy y 
i 4 ¥,} : 4 
¥ L * fim * 1 
a as 
’ ee . iT) bee , y f! { Bat i g 
¥ . ie i " be ) Ae, 
fy RTL Pike ee | nit i 
: "w* Bay : } = Magus ats Mei it ni! ary nie 
oi y py Chetin® h ba i LM ek we fy? } ae ba ae A ake ‘ 
, ie i . 
ey ’ ‘ hit 
¥ 5 ney , tl 7 J i ‘ bits ett ye : 
+ Ai 4 
‘ , ' % ) aR eh iigtatalno land ; ¥ ee ws £ shite 
yc Livi % a 6 iP ; r 7 ua \ a ee bys i 47) : 
‘ , ane 
f ’ Br goa oy im tue t eo <a e ol) Vr % pe ae fea =? Sal pydied eecat " 
- ' <4 rn te ee ade Nid } ! 
4 i if ht ‘fuk i be mei 4 ve my oe x 
, : ba 7 Q q : 
, of Ti i isan rear? y sb. 4 i 
ae hes ¥ j An A ‘ y ty ; eevee 4 ‘ <j af y tt F f 
’ mn A t , we het see ga Ay Satna gt ™ 
r » } raw & eh 5 A 
Ce EUAN RE ene ee eR el ea x Wickit A reOKL ® 
‘ r. * \ Lo 4 wt © ix : ks ft y / UW Mt ann if +" iN a(t male ae " a j a 4 te ty 
f ; a mek re th f we Lats {5 if ; 
No Bs ' ' Sipe a Yee ee: 
gee t aA 
4 iy - > 
; - { j (ene) a! a ee 
A OURS AM amy AN 18 2 SU og vat Pr ie, 
, , y } } 5 a i y 
wa ny Thies bee) fa 7 A Dy a a a my Fi tr ay yay a ' 
‘ i FN aE Ey | isis b¢ Al Po. 2: pa ¥ Pa iain prongs MWe. 2 ant ny Mc. 
ety, dh 2 Haney Manley FR hcl CLO Petit I A GIO Be 
p (44 ESAS ald 
5 / ie, ; WO er ay st at he 
y Se MS. Ms md eS HER hab ee 
; gay ee ek) oe Pee ae 4 
"ae ivi bt & Laikiyy arold, igi 
ue i ‘ oes ae m fed any 
‘ P Cy a a i : 
ay ‘ +, ae ‘ oe 4 on Bm (yi fe. 
Nae 4 4 Pi) ih ahve 
ones Aol eg iy by toae Wg ot “ORE sas “1 
f Be ore | * pe? 
wa ) 2. 1 a Sse ia ree re 
i mM bait! ial Gib Aside: aon Laas Vacate ny it ‘ 
ge Y bah) oe, men te VER SO 8 meal BAILA, a: ie gs #¢ ihe att 3 
f we TE Aj Re 4 ee 4 f% Yeweil ange we jeu ei A) of ia hi te 
ne Ls Re Deg li is. 4 i aes AN BMA. a or Ak eone i ik 
) i : », t < q h 4 ‘ ; * 
‘ ae ip $ jit 
, 





coal is oxccllent, although locally there are many small bands of 
pyrite scattered through it. The bed ranges from a fow inches to 4 
foct 9 inches thick in Armstrong township. 


The only development of the Lower Freeport in the district east 
of Indiana is at Heilwood, where the bed has a maximum thickness of 3 
feet 6 inches. The coal is clean, low in sulphur and ash, and minos 
out in lerge lumps. In Grant township, between Richmond and Mahoning 
Creek, the bed averages 2 fect 6 inches thick in a smell areca. 
Locally it hes 5 inches of bone coal at the bottom, end a 1 inch bone 
binder 10 inches from the bottom. 


An unusual thickness - 16 feet - together with exceptionally 
good quality is found in Montgomery and Banks townships, in the Glen 
Campbell district, However it diminishes rapidly to 2 feet or 1lceSe 
Where thickest the bed is divided into several benches by rather 
thick partings. The main bench, 6 fect thick, is separated from & 
lower bench 2 feet to 2 feet 6 inches thick, by a 5 inch clay part- 
ing. Over the main bench is a parting of light-drab clay end shele 
nearly 3 feet thick, containing a 7 inch band of coal near the middle. 
Above the thick parting is a local bench of coal 4 feet thick, In @ 
few pleces the coal is a solid bed 4 to 5 feet thick. Generally it 
ranges from 3 feet to 3 feet 6 inches thick, with benches of bony coal 
about 8 inches thick, either above or below the main bench. 


At Juneau, on Canoe Creek, the coal has a local meximum thickness 
of 3 feet 8 inches, but the average thickness is less than 2 feet. 
The coal is thin and irreguler in the northwestern townships. It has 
& Maximum thickness of 3 feet in very smsll areas on the nerth bank 
of Plum Creek. On Mahoning Creek in North Mahoning township the 
Lower Freeport coal is locally 5 feet thick, end has only one thin 


perting near the bottom. The coal is rather high in sulphur, but 
mines out in good sized lumps, 


The Lower Freeport coal averages about 27 per cont volatile 
matter; 59 per cent fixed carbon; 9 per cent ash; and 1.5 por cent 
sulphur. In general it is a hard, compact coal that mines out in 
good sized lumps, Its extreme irregularity in thickness has greatly 
hindered its development, and will continue to do so until the more 
valuable Upper Preeport coal has been exhausted. 


Upper Freeport ("E") coal. This bed, lying about 50 feet above 
the Lower Freeport and about 190 feet above the Lower Kittaming, is 
the most important coeal in the county. Its thickness is verieble 
but it is exceptionally regular in lerge areas, The bed averages 3 
feet 5 inches thick in the entire county, and only locally has any 
partings end binders, It invariably hes a reguler fire clay bottom. 
The roof, where sandstone, is "rolly." 


r The Upper Freeport has been mined extensively on Conemaugh River 
in Indiana County, It averages less then 2 fect thick at Cremer, but 
at Seward it is 3 fcet thick, There are meny small mines at Lockport 
where it is very irreguler, ranging from 3 feet to 6 feet 6 inches 

thick, A top bench of coal 24 to 28 inches thick carries much pyrite 
and is separated from the middle bench by 8 to 12 inches of bony coal. 


~ 8B m= 








































e ; te iN 
SS ONY 
Nae f ie ; 
tZ ft ir t} Dae ; i AN Jy . Dae a gt tinh bd” 
wks +1 
AR oe 3 YS i a BiMan'y. i oak Oy oy aan 
x — , 
| eo aoren 
f j wR i : sie 
Vie SRE RR ere ee ie ota ta 
: ¢ ' ~~ it 
. } “4 i iN hy sy od ERY «a cane 
LP wens a tetas ee Ow eee r 
. at Gute Oo EU aed WO Ge OR a . 
a ‘ * . » - ) Ae. 
, f pa . Tt na ae ne we *) Ne! . ‘4 aus ie oe , Be . . ay ge awe Neh 
¢ i rey yer vy. f Ae vis in Ah ; Se VO yet rts eh Fuss lat Ve a e. y 5 ne RY 
. ee ee ~- i , ee wr “ mi ; 
; a SO oe e¢ SE OER ce 
, \ U 
{ uli hint ae 
qe tucme hry, aunt Wing Os Se a af ‘conceit Bae 
f HOPS \Ge ara 5 " ve 
n : I : oe i, af hae nit Pree’ Ww ¥e saa, mae f in Ries ¢ = ye ee Heroes ry ae sry) ve 
Mae aes 2 ey cakes beni oe eater eas od +o hee oth a | 
re ; d y " 
. le NOME ANA eb ea ut ho Me Ramet ee rao ts 
vidi. ; A a : a ae rd 7 
‘ Peta he ae eh ge eaee SAEae 
| , f i Hae oog ae 2 2.7 Gn: ‘hat 
i shy « OF Monod wise Ce 
te i y ive f ee an SHS : 
, ' an ‘a f By “at K aa tt ss Yh, $ . a ae ae tet 
COE ittag ae Th eek ae ee hoa eisk. Eee ae pee 
; j Sy ORR PP RE a Zee 
" ¥. Bway uw % te] » be ° a 3 ry 
’ ‘i é 
} . s4 ¢ LTRs ey wi gO im a 
; ; ’ | } ‘ : >) Mi “t A) r x yay rf rat “¢ age #4 ? 
, _ } ' Me 5 oh ey Lap de roe be hr i ‘ee 
A ws he my ) ho VAP BLOW, sap’ ” ; 
. Ph muen Tear eae i Ae u ea ee Ua ASIA Nt) 
Ae .o ey A ¢ ie! 7 , aN ies i eH y Rant reek A - Be gi Se OS 
, sidig Roky bed eee wa bic Treane | 
| Se not wants ek Ee ee ey ha 3 
re os pa “ , bibeny ni Esta ak % shi a nae a 
| pa ate nhs, Aes ae 
ie i Hf j sty ki Deut en 1 oe er sey eres int ‘ send 
\ | - . wie vontk hy odo TAG me 
j es 3 rf j ; ‘ae 
ae oT ed ‘bore gaya “2th 
3 Vv ve \ " - 
! Ma b Fae we ~ ay ay & aes “ me rh ; 
. aie" baling AD Bade Padiiise re he say Oh ah pif) & tis 
ie | >? 44-6. FAAS hee Aa hh, aoe. 2 rae 4 ¥: 
* f i eoge' no, ¥ yt baie vert i ou g p ee a iu G kd acest : i 
* é P ia “e as apa - a A mi F ae j f 
F ‘ R , Ags A We Ae 
: wt ae ii) Ge » Lis @ et 
‘ ae ae Yop. Pit, ae eee 
, is hog ' , Tee “td tf ». ayy? Pr.» soa ide Ye ns ant 
p soul he al \; eat Y. 3 SOG LANCE 5 he: 
f i t% i as AL eM Bil ed hy ye 9 B wt 
‘GR ae sein 
PNprine” amd Mecha OR» Cetra eat oe Laas x8 208 
i aT J “ , \ i : b te a + sae $ 
* He EA). ete We iy rth BO SULA Oe ES A Oe fae 
f >: r P SF i Me 4 a, Pie | 
16 Ga, f ot eg iy Pte Ss ‘ v ha pe a fee k ee Gane? ME pox 
“~ ‘ " ae 
i 7. “4 ary | : v# ¥ Cie) ute mts) ig ee aT a. | Cap ea 
: J D ‘ f 4 -% ets re Nghe eel a 
‘ 
u. ah tau" “f C Aignaniees Fi 
ry ; / TAO bese 
‘ . ~ ; 
; ae . x 
f shi fro, ie ove ae © ae pps. eat. Ft vareot a “4 
5: ae Oss Se ie aes sok water wy ae “ da 
; wr hae ES cores!) heres ae ee ee - ee ot ae a 
; \ wen? 0. Oe, ee S sien? Pe AES 


rate ”) bi hoshitie ie 





r vue Ap A 


i ei a , yee 
; ale 
» i ite ; 
i ¥ at, f ba 
ber hy he 
iS ve) L mw AD) oe 


The mi@@€lc bench is excellent co2l, 20 to 22 inches thick. A shale 
parting + to 14 inches thick suparates it from a lower bench 20 
inchcs to 2 feet 2 inches thick, The coal in the lower bench is high 
in ash, but has been used with much success for steaming purposes. 


At Robinson end Condit, the coal is 6 to 7 fect thick including 
a porsistent bony top 10 to 12 inches thick, end two bone partings, 
ono averaging 4 inches and the other 6 inches, On Black Liek Creek 
the Upper Freeport coal averages less then 12 inches thick and where 
3 foot thick it is very bony and extremely high in sulphur. In the 
western townships it averages 4 feet thick, Openings have been made 


* in the vicinity of Jacksonville, where the coal ranges from 3 feet 6 


inches to 4 feet 7 inches thick, It is high in ash end sulphur, In 
Conemaugh township the coal is 3 feet 11 inches thick, with 5 inches 
of bony coal and shele 6 inches above the bottom. The Upper Fresport 
is 5 feot thick on Crooked Creck and its tributaries, including a 6 
inch shale parting 18 inches from the top. In Armstrong township the 
Upper Freeport ranges from 2 to 3 feet thick. New operations are 
starting in this bed et Shelocta. The col thivs northward and is Pa 
fect 10 inches to 3 feet 6 inches thick on South Branch of Plum Creokz, 
and is partec by 1 inch of shele 5 inches from the bottom. 


The bed is very importont in the northwestern townships. The 
coal locally averages’6 feet on North Fork of Plum Creek. It carries 
numerous pyrite lenses, and is parted by 1 inch of shele near the 
bottom and 5 inches of bonc coal near the top, The bed is 4 fect 
thick on Mahoning Creek in Indiane County, end has 8 inches of bone 
coal at the top, a4 to 2 inch bone binder 8 to 10 inches adove the 
bottom, and numerous streaks of pyrite. 


The Upper Freeport coal is also very importent in the central 
tier of townships. It is mined extensively on ‘two Lick Creek, At 
Graceton it is 6 feet 8 inches thick, including an 8 inch shale part- 
ing 2 fect 6 inches from the top. The upper bench corries considerably 
pyrite, and the lower bench is used after washing, for making coke. 
The coke is bright, herd and has well developed cell structure. On 
Tearing Run the bed is 6 feet thick, including an 8 inch shale part- 
ing 19 inches from the top. A number of openings have been made on 
the Upper Freeport coal on Chestnut Ridge, and measurements show thet 
in this region there is little veriation in the thickness of the coal. 
On the road between Homer ond Heshbon, 1+ miles east of Graceton the 
coal is 5 feet thick, ineluding 9 inches of shale end bone, 6 to 8 
inches from the cp, Southeast of Indiann on Two Lick Creck the coal 
is 7 feet 3 inches thick, including 10 inches of shale 27 inches from 
the top. This thickness is persistent in most of White township. 


The Upper Freeport coal again decreases in thickness northwerd, 
On the top of the ridge in the vicinity of the road between Indiana 
and Greenville, the coel’is 4 feet thick, inclu .ug 2 1 ineh shele 
porting 9 inches from the bottom, and another 6 inches thick’, 8 inches 
from the top. It is even thinner near Penn Run, and has two 3 inch 
shale partings. In the eres directly north of Penn Run the Upper 


‘Freeport is thin snd unimportent. On Dixon and Rayne Runs the coal is 


thin and in large areas is entirely Lacking. 


sa: eee 


{oe 


: 
ey 4 
Do we 
iN 
at 
, 


J] 
4 

£ 
i 4 


» 
‘ 
wv 

av 
oii 

ee 


Oe Se oy bat otk ia bbicheteie AS | tt Bes 


7 j : peers is ay af 
yi Ea, ae 
































ne vbr ar 








t f eh Ae 
a Oe Tabet i a, 
ee ee ee Cie f 
Wiig hal AAR eae a | 4 Be 4 
ay $ P P ‘ a ra Wie eh i, , 
Ad a ie RR i rie Wisin as hey a neonck at 





of ae hea hale Re 


fest Pe ere 
> 
: - , Bey avis 
bs Sa eee ea ot et c. HAS ne: {pte rs ante & 
he Ta” wl I fod a | %) le i ‘ 
; . fe > = ase Fa Pe i. elif ao ya: ; 
 eemans nth ; i Bake | 4 ft Hath ye re Os is x me 7 as a ei 
Are Ni ae Be pay rig * cae 
gateie pe ML HAE BORD aR ee inane one ht “ 
ven vee te Rover *r ite |S ap’ ak 7 A ae ee 
Pc ef at aie donk ie 8 oe ain Ya TE : ‘ ‘ vi h te 
Ta aS a Runs past Aeon Se" See a 
ce Ae ip ¥ oO edad BP st oe! ath ay Ae ae ty. c 
Fi diape + PRGA: Cha A Sn oo ae fd ecise oe oy ae Re pass® n; 
a Se A A eM mmr andn tn ah Snape AGED US Og 
ne ea my +3 | ( i y t ae | wt Ae {La Sa } Ea d ble } ab a e 
y hw LIN ap" iy ‘Tote , \s iy: | mi ayn ‘a a bi Hf wach y t red rf ‘ 
medley x a . el) r h Lobe ns) . yw a eat ines Hee idea by | 


. | sth . ae ‘ ane we rh ws |. AHN nf 
’ "tewii Lica Moe a aed e ra iN Ae a oy oe ad As ite 
igang te yh er denice: eas ee EP * ’ at 
Py ae } i . n 5 Neg «] 44 , my } t} vt PP ae ; Py te ei t . 
a Pe aay ie Fee, he i x is 
‘ “ is yt ee eae mgt vee RE aii mt 7 az 
{ ’ { > ’ : ren bed al . 


a : er te VI ad 
: ; 7 » nice : , eh 
< j yk j “ : 7 D i Unt we of 
wi re ? 5 P 
ois de Luntts it ah Bh 
4 } " aaPaad 
Ms sighs. tidhens abe p ~ 
‘ ~ i / on iam 4 
5 & ! PS eB ee OF ¢ hoy 
‘ f wey uy ) , 
a a ee PY Mt a 
5 2 t a h 1 Ue. ry Lah eo! 
f We) *% yi td ’ y y 4 uy ra f # 4 
. .< 
¥ ‘ 





7 i af Nf : ate j 5 1 ; 
\ if Pxp ; <a ' 
ied! hee Bee ne oes <i pes 
‘7 ' “* if : ae 
yr J i ay i och 4 ry i. bi 
- ie | ’ : ‘ 
ue ee) “ yr ; rad LTR 
4 rth eainiod a y i, “ih: ae we: 
® { é KA “i 
Y w de fey * 4 RNY 
6 
yaa aad! Deen TAO 
{ i 4 A eee ey a. Ger us a. F 
t ar ry ‘ a vs i a ip; i ie oS ) \ 
: ; ; cy gt 7) S15 ‘ Te a oe 
+ ‘ ; ; gary. Ai a ee ar q e Rane ‘ ’ j od -¢y: wy es er ie Ma ah ont 
; ie apy teeee ot ORL 9 lg ROS Ba OER, as 7M ia 
{ a. Y ' LI i. , + j 


ia ( | , i é es Bae ae és ? p40 eee i "{ ti ue at et w 





: ra ie a fr) ape fo 
i % :, | ‘ ewe , 7 y * 
' " : ; { he nig Ie vat a, re it PrSicso ay hy mM Y way 
: : ae Pe 'ey Bog wD eS ps Fis ished ee 
Pe a, ec hoon ake Ki a RL itt ad 
: a (‘7 rae sg paw Pe - baat Oe a hee 4 ; 
' ’ y { Pap | ad P in th iy 
j eh " “rt ie $y re 
ae cea i t - us! 4 et GAN Fy, 45 # Noe 4 Me rey 
te xs bore ¥ . 7 a ae rig : yi 
tax? ne aa Ne . ‘ah Mey tin» 8 2.0 a ket +11 J ; . 
or dois tat 2 re ee 7 Tl: 4 vos 
pion ft - 4 a oa Bes Laps | outa t 
i Or Timaeg? Vere 2 FG - 
"\ y ital MY M a 
Ee § A thu eit ® yr 
/ ajat 
hat iy eb by oe Make ahs nen Tal 
aden pa aanen ss tsi: 
Hie: thy pes, arnt f CLL | srt A sted ae fey ¥ 





ee es ro . ) - Ne 
FEA OF oP Re Sotaah al 


a Pe. a ate ¥ nea ti 


od faee % ee sare, “si 

ro. Mas Gee Tent at Ee aaah 9) 
is i aad eh. shit: Fy es ay fed ts BS Ue “duh * or a a 
ri nity hey , 5s A ee hsig ee eit pork gis 


hse j J he : ils iy bi 
ed 8 ae ee ae fe ka 
eh BME EE ES, ee % peel. ban ert 4 


: nai a 


rong pans «o iy bial 








Pie a } pha th et 
) gay york ey ifs «(Otley 
pio “here's. (eh cea eae 


#1! 


a ate 


. Recent drillin# and studies made by competent engineers indicate 
that the Upper Freeport coal averages less then 16 inches thick in 
Northern Buffington, Pine, EBestern Cherryhill and Southern Green town- 
Ships, The Upper Freeport is 18 inches thick at Nolo. At Pineton and 
Heilwood it ranges from 12 to 20 inches thiek, It is 2 feet 5 inches 
thick at Mitchells Mills; 2 feet at Cookport; 4 fect 6 inches at 
Pleasant Valley, but carries 1 12 inch bone parting near the top. 

The conl is thinner at Utah, and the perting is 10 inches thick, 


The Uppér Freeport conl is a persistent ond very valuable bed in 
the northeastern townships, particularly in the Glen Campbell dis- 
trict. In Grant township, between East and Keirigh Runs the coal 
ronges from 3 feet to 3 feet 7 inches thick and has 4 to 6 inches of 
‘one coal at the top, The coal is 5 fect thick near the western 
township line, southwest of Kinter Hill; 4 feet necr Richmond and 
north of Kinter Hill, East of Mahoning Creck in Grant ond Montgomery 
townships the coal ranges from 2 to & feet thick’, locally has a thin 
bone parting near the bottom, and a few inches of bone at the top, 
The coal averages about 3 feet thick in Banks township, It has a 
characteristic parting 1 or 2 inches thick a few inches from the 
bottom, and invarinbly a few inches of bone coal at the top, It is 
5 feet 8 inches thick at Rossiter, Conoe towmship, end has o 2 inch 
Shale perting 6 inches frm the bottom. South of Rossiter the coal 
thins to 4 feet, but is clean, At Juneau the coal vories in thickness 
and is rather dirty locally. A few miles south of Locust the coal is 
4 feet 4 inches thick including 4 inches of bene coal at the top. 
Near Enterprise it is 3 feet 10 inches, not including 5 to 10 inches 
of bone coal at the top of the bed. 


The composition of the Upper Freeport coz] is os follows: 


Per cent 
Range Average 
Volntile motter - «+ + «= 24634 28 
Pixed carbon - - - + ~« 55-67 58 
Ash = «© «© w= = # = » « « 611 9 
Sulphur - -~ -~ -« «© © =» = 13,5 ra 


It is a stick and block coal, of brilliant lustre, friable, and 
cvumbles in handling, It is an excellent steean coal, and when 
Jashed makes good goke, 


Coal Beds in Conenaugh Formation, 
The Conemaugh fornation contains about five coals that. average 


less than 12 inches thick’, but locally have a naxinunm thickness oh 3 
feet, Little is known about these coals, and their correlation is . 


- 10 « 


; E a any : . z * - ar ; 
ee ON a eo RR Bg RS RE eT Se, * ic. 
* ¢ L 





















e? t 
4 
| 
okivg thar pear tai aie | 
{ ‘ 1 * : * 7 ~ «eee 15 et on Pi 
C2 BEST Re MRE a ‘pihtek at Be Se 
ote 4 , 4g ¢ 


: ‘ i a | Pye on ‘bh pee’ 
y aes Pn a) er ie rot ward 5 hae RO Bs i Pes Wybida wats} et Dok 

























































ee ’ be ma ue 
y " h \ ua fin Fe | ea nd teh Aap 
ae ae A AN ‘a: Ew eo 1S lV) ae ph ? oe Take 
" } f, " ti 
f , and ry, , 
} : ty " Be Cope Panis ‘ rin me is 1s alnd 
. ¥ . . : 
e tt 
N\ ean roe wed PG! ¥ fhe 
‘ ‘ ; : does se fee Ty have Bene tsa: + Ling id ¥ Mi 
7 . ! , . uh ie sad | 
: ‘¢ ™ : he 
" ; . ls bat yt +7 aie . : 
2 } \ 
! 
P s * aay ‘ soe Pen , fi \ 
, ‘ on La% y : 
* ‘ J vibes 
‘ t fa AN Be poy 
: 7 . ‘One t aa 
4 . tn ow 
i j (} : 
” * , ad 
: mm ; ? y a i 4" , is 
‘ , t 
i) fund f ‘ ue A bE 
by Ma ie ad ‘ 1 V f . 1 “ 
ny ‘ F . F 
ho 4 peer hid p it Vee he ek vi ee wk 
he | yi tops ha 
: ; "OW : haw Di we Rn 
4 : \ ‘ 
h ys : nek 7 ae 
F : : ‘ , i C , b t jhe ts ” . ee ” palo ; et Soe rm bey ou) 5 J 
? ij Gin 4 bie yh) ) Oe al ee “| y's Ye Wy ' Air of: 
* pet f it yey * 4 Bhs ¢ 
” . ' 4 us he vy Win 8B 
| ice « a “er 
ee yee \ shud We ba 
ry 2 1 dog a . 
ee Ps ee a) > eve 
ae | ‘ . inp 
\ { ‘id ‘ ‘ "Wa 2 
} , ‘£ee- 4 
1 y uv ia - } } cs Dera bears 
‘ Ny hee one Aid td Ane ee ee mM MP ur 
‘hee Le | Po erally ek 
* : : ii Pils : I He \ N Ay y ini i 
1 ! “4 ce Yh oe ¥ i ad A, hein i Eo. 
‘ } ‘ . 1] hal ‘= Gi eee ' 
v , Mi me ay Mr a's in OS Tc a Oy hd i wists it Bs 
: i 4 \ : ; } ills " hiryay Sas mR Ne ey 
" ? \ Nari apatite dea Wy 
es ‘4 , MAE) ‘BY AME a .* Ny 
j j ; Mi eA HAAN ' son { 1 La Ptah Bl Sie, A 
: ; ya Nr iaailaaie cE TLL a mab 
A ¥ : ry. i aa fe" ‘ ; 
4, , “ \ 
‘ ' 5 a OPT PY is i me, "t % cy ps 
we nt A | " "ii veh ES Reh ys bik of A me 
K i 
, 
a ¢ ap itns 
fel L i 3 4 
‘ 
’ rt v oy ¥ - 
e ie Ail ie + 
| 
‘ N ».\¢ ' ‘ one CE) ng ay i 
‘ ‘ P ‘ J % 4 ; Pee re. Hip NM ou ay "*J % 
ie) a seh 4 hy Mew iy 
f i Manag | a ee ‘ ie i yen e mit mers ame Oe § ITS FD ta} 
\ . ‘ re ala Wea 
i * ; 1 ee a 4 i’ ‘ “~ ‘ i 7 STRAY ‘ 
« : a . + da ok eee ate i 
a f eS ne sabia Alte } 
. . Yao i f Pe de: ‘ 1 , ‘ 
{ ol ‘ . . 7 + 
f ‘ . i Sank aie 
eb ; F A a Me i ee coi erg. Ame Ot A eS Berle Ri q 4 “40 
iy eo Tay bho TF ibe 43 5 a, TW ae te: ek y op es }. ian AY ston ne Ages 
lod " Hy ee eo A mate, Prien | f } we a 
a F ; ; ‘ ae Pay p : r 7 Ba rer st, 
: Ps See ae og y OEY GS a SOAR? Baris ote nia ise 
. i ~ yt 2 
ty ali 
5 : j 
- ‘ ‘ » zs! 
' id io. ve 
, 7 ued ; 
’ at ‘ ‘ ‘ F Phd elk > © i ef} *h 
"i i oN 4 J wt Pt ae Fay ae 
peat a maar AR ieee ey become ge wet NE RL RE 
* a ain BL OY Pienced is india, See RG? wailed MMO LE. 
\ . ¥ , Y 3 
| ap | 7a o Bei 4g 
j P ofp} Aayall! ok Wr py, pre we tay y h api ; 
' ; ; Lg f wh, a ty Chee bd it ‘\ 4 oe aa ot Pot ei +h 
» st - Fi + : % ay ts 
i" a Y ; Lew Ph Bt ws AP ry bas Sil ne oe ; ; fx sey ‘ fy f ea 
‘ fg ! i 
- grey «aby ey. (oe a Art aby * 
n’ Ke A oe Se A a ae ¥ A ch ‘i ay iM. i 
£ Sidut 
{ ) \ 1 
! 
, , 
‘ wh 
4 . % . 
aj ‘ 
} we *? ‘ ' 
: F f é 
oad . 


indefinite. No attempt will be made to name them in this report. 


Near Gaibleton there are two co2ls ebout 60 end 130 feet above 
the Upper Freeport. The lower one is 2 feet thick, The higher coal 
is 3 feet thick on Brush Run and on the hills west of Rayne Run. 


On the headwaters of Crooked Creek between Onberg and Ideal, 
there are several openings in the Conemaugh formation on a coal bed 
abové the Mahoning sandstone, and about 100 feet above the Upper Iree~ 
vort, The coal is 2 feet 10 inches thick, including 4 inches of bone 
coal, 6 inches from the top. 


. On Brush Creek, 14 miles southwest of Mechanicsburg, a coal about 
200 feet above the Upper Freeport has been opened, and is reported %o 
be 3 feet thick, 


A coal bed about 225 feet above the Upper Freeport is 3 feet thick 
near Kellers Mill, and appeers to be rather persistent in a consider 
éhle area. The lower part of the bed is dirty, but the upper part is 
excellent, clean coal. 


A coal at the Harlem horizon has been seen on Two Lick Creek. It 
is very irregular, has a maximum thickness of 28 inches, but is of 
excellent quality. 


Coal Beds in Monongahela FPoruation. 


Pittsburgh Coal. The northern most «rea of Pittsburgh coal in 
Pennsylvania is in the highland on the Arnstrong-Indiane county-line 
south of Crooked Creek, The bed underlies 124 squore miles in 
Indisne County. It ranges from 6 to 10 feet,thick, including partings 
and roof coal, Generally the roof coal is so dirty that it is not 
Mined, but used as a roof to hold up the soft shales above it. The 
dol is 7 feet 2 inches thick at West Lebanon, including a = inch shale 
wicting 2 feet 2 inches fron the bottom’, and 4 inches of bony coal’, 2 
‘oot 2 inches from the top. The coal is 9 feet thick at Iselin, in- 

Luding a 6 inch shale parting 2 feet from the botton; on Big Run € 
set thick’, including 12 inches of shale 20 inches from the top; on 
-igkiminitas River the bed is 6 feet 9 inches thick and carries a 1$ 

.neh shale perting 2 feet 5 inches above the bottom. 


The Pittsburgh coal averages 56 per cent fixed carbon, 34 per | 
eent volatile matter, 8 per cent ash, and 1.5 per cent sulphur. It “<5 
a hard stick and block co2l, and mines out in fair sized lumps. 


Redstone Coal. This bed, lying about 45 feet above the Pitts- 
burgh bed, and composed of alternating bands of shzle end coal, is 
very thin and irreguler. It hes a maximum thickness of 3 feet at 
Elders Ridge, but is too impure to be mined. 


sewickley Coal. This bed, lying 125 feet above the Pittsburgh, 
underlies a small @rea in the highest hills near Elders Ridge. It is 
2 to 5 feet thick’, but has not bean mined because of its high ash and 
sulphur content, 


- ll « 


4 
’ 
) 
7 
2 
y 
' 
t 
‘ 
oe | 
1 
wo 
4 
— \ 
wy 
‘. 
i 
Ay’ 
‘9p s 
sa 


iii sii 






re % & Fae 


+e sanany sl aaiiaas tiny aes ea ait 5 








